Power Systems Research (PSR) is an international research company based in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. It operates a second North America office in Detroit, Mich., and has offices in five other countries. PSR analysts have been collecting and analyzing global engine and powertrain data and information since 1976, and we use this data to develop targeted forecasts by industry segment and region.
Our team of experienced analysts works with OEMs, engine and component manufacturers, dealers, fleet managers and industry experts to compile detailed and focused data that has become an industry standard. It’s the leading source of global information on engines and power equipment powered by IC and alternate sources. Whether you need detailed global data, forecasts or customized local market studies, we can provide you with Data, Forecasting and Solutions. Let’s start today.
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Q4 2025 Truck Production Climbs 3.7%
The Power Systems Research Truck Production Index (PSR-TPI) increased from 107 to 111, or 3.7%, for the three-month period ended Dec. 31, 2025, from Q3 2025. The year over-year (Q4 2024 to Q4 2025) loss for the PSR-TPI was, 113 to 111, or -1.8%.
The PSR-TPI measures truck production globally and across six regions: North America, China, Europe, South America, Japan & Korea and Emerging Markets. This data comes from OE Link,™, the proprietary database maintained by Power Systems Research.
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Tesla Committing Automotive Suicide

Guy Youngs Following its Q4 2025 financial update, Tesla appears to be pivotally shifting away from its identity as a traditional automaker. By phasing out the Model S and X to focus on ‘Transportation as a Service,’ leadership is betting heavily on an autonomous-first business model.
And instead of building on that success, expanding into new segments, addressing affordability, and competing with the flood of new EVs from legacy automakers and Chinese competitors, the company that revolutionized the auto industry is walking away from it.
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Audit Court Calls Time on Hydrogen Inevitability
“The October 2025 special report from Germany’s Federal Audit Court, Implementation of the Federal Government’s Hydrogen Strategy, lands with unusual weight because it is not a policy critique or an academic intervention, but a statutory budgetary assessment delivered to Parliament,” reports Clean Technica.
It evaluates the hydrogen strategy against the legal requirements of the Energy Industry Act, namely security of supply, affordability, environmental sustainability, climate neutrality, and fiscal…
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Researchers Improve Sodium-Ion Batteries Almost 4X
The sodium-ion battery formula has some advantages over conventional lithium-ion batteries, including the use of non-flammable, abundant materials and the potential for cutting costs.
One of the areas for improvement is the anode materials. The graphite used in lithium-ion batteries is not a candidate because it can't store sodium. The consensus alternative has been hard carbon, a form of carbon that doesn't devolve into graphite under high heat. However, hard carbon can inhibit capacity during the…
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Hidden Cost of Europe’s Hydrogen Bus Experiment
This Clean Technica article notes, “Arthur Bus’s collapse in Poland marks the end of a story that had been quietly unraveling for some time. A hydrogen bus startup backed by public funding, municipal orders, and a planned manufacturing footprint failed before delivering a single customer vehicle.
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Tesla Semi Lines Up for $165M in California Incentives

Chris Fisher The update was initially reported by The Los Angeles Times.
Tesla reportedly is positioned to receive roughly $165 million in California clean-truck incentives for its Semi.
As per the Times, the Tesla Semi’s funding will come from California’s Hybrid and Zero-Emission Truck and Bus Incentive Project (HVIP), which was designed to accelerate the adoption of cleaner medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. Since its launch in 2009, the HVIP has distributed more than $1.6 billion to support zero-emission trucks and buses across the state.
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Tesla’s 2025 Europe Data Shows Total Bloodbath

Guy Youngs The data is in for Tesla’s full year 2025 in Europe, and frankly, it’s a bloodbath across most major markets. Every market in Europe showed a substantial decline (ranging from -4.1% to -66.9%). There’s a single exception, Norway, and Tesla can’t even count on this market in 2026 because the growth in Norway was caused by changing regulations for 2026, that brought forward car purchases into the last two month of 2025.
According to registration data compiled from major European markets, Tesla saw its total volume drop from roughly 326,000 units in 2024 to just over 235,000 in 2025. That is a staggering 27.8% year-over-year decline
The truth is that this is an impressive demand cliff by any standard that points to significant brand problems, which are due to a mix of Elon Musk, Tesla’s CEO, becoming highly toxic, and Tesla’s EV lineup becoming stale amid tougher competition.
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Sodium-Ion Battery Cell Cost Could Drop to $40/kWh
A report from the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) notes that while it is still uncertain whether sodium-ion batteries (SIB) will become a disruptive alternative to lithium-ion (LIB) technology, they could offer significant cost-saving opportunities in applications such as electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage.
SIBs hold a potential advantage over LIBs due to the abundance and accessibility of sodium, a material that is considerably cheaper than lithium. IRENA says the price of sodium carbonate between 2020 and 2024 ranged between $100/ton and $500/ton, while the price of lithium carbonate over the same period of time ranged between $6,000/ton and $83,000/ton.
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CATL Winning Shipping Electrification Race
CATL’s batteries and energy management systems are already operating in roughly 900 ships and vessels, a figure that on its own should reframe how maritime decarbonization is discussed.
Shipping is, by its nature, conservative for structural reasons tied to safety, long asset lifetimes, and unforgiving certification regimes, so deployment at this scale signals that electrification is no longer a pilot exercise but operating infrastructure.
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2026 Growth of 4.9% Seen in Truck Production

Chris Fisher Medium and heavy truck production in North America is expected to increase by 4.9% this year compared with 2025. While class 8 truck production is expected to increase by 6.1% this year, the industry continues to be negatively impacted by the weight of the tariffs, low freight demand, excess truck capacity and relatively high finance rates which is expected to continue through at least the first half of the year.
With regard to the implementation of the phase 3 GHG emission regulations, it will be later in the spring before the EPA finalizes any revisions to the standards. Many in the industry believe the EPA will retain the 0.035 g/hp-hr standard along with the 2027 implementation date but cancel the extended warranty requirements which would have added significant up-front cost to the trucks.
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Lynn has over 30 years of sales and sales management experience. Currently at Power Systems Research, Lynn has direct responsibility for Business Development across 13 key industries including Construction, Agriculture, Commercial Vehicles, Recreational Products, Lawn and Garden and Marine. Overseeing the Global Account Management team, focused on driving revenue and growth by providing production, forecast and population data for IC engines, electric and hybrid powertrains to OEMs and suppliers across the world.
Prior to joining PSR, Lynn was the Director of Sales at Wards Automotive, a division of Informa and an Account Executive at IHS Markit (S&P Global). Additionally, Lynn spent over 20 years in various Sales and Management positions with the Hertz Corporation.
Lynn graduated from Northern Michigan University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Marketing. In her free time Lynn enjoys golfing, snow skiing, paddle boarding and spending time with family and friends.
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Jack Prince brings over 25 years of business development and commercialization experience to the global automotive and mobility industries. He uses research and data to help clients identify market opportunities and improve business efficiency while enhancing product performance. Jack has advised emerging ventures on market discovery, product strategy, and investor engagement. His experience includes supporting global ventures in electromechanical systems, radar and sensor technologies, structural plastics, SaaS platforms, and vehicle access solutions. Jack holds a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration and is currently completing an Executive MBA at Michigan State University.
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