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The Thai government says it will relax the requirement for EV manufacturers receiving subsidies to produce a certain number of vehicles by 2024. There had been calls for a revision from Chinese manufacturers and others. This is in response to poor market conditions for EVs.
The Board of Investment (BOI) of Thailand provides subsidies to manufacturers that can be applied to the purchase of EVs. The subsidy amount is up to about US$ 3,000 (100,000 baht or about 440,000 yen) per vehicle, which is about 10% of the purchase price of a medium-sized SUV.
The Asia Zero-Emission Community is a collaborative framework for decarbonization involving nine ASEAN countries (excluding Myanmar), Japan and Australia. It is abbreviated as AZEC. The first summit was held in December 2023. The principles of the initiative are “decarbonization through diverse pathways that take into account the circumstances of each country” and “simultaneous realization of decarbonization, economic growth, and energy security”.
Many countries in Southeast Asia rely on fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas to generate electricity. Japanese companies are driving the adoption of renewable energy, and the Japan government is also providing support through subsidies and other means. As of the end of 2023, 120 cooperation projects have been implemented between Japan and countries in the region.
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions at mining sites is a pressing issue. The number of emissions from mines around the world is about 1.9 to 5.1 billion tons per year, which is more than Japan’s annual emissions of about 1.1 billion tons. In addition to methane gas emissions from coal mining, heavy equipment powered by diesel engines is also a source of emissions, and there is a trend toward electrification of mining equipment.
In August, Komatsu announced the development of a diesel-ethanol blended fuel engine. The engine is for large dump trucks, and Komatsu will work with Brazilian mining giant Vale and U.S. engine giant Cummins. Brazil has a high global share of bioethanol production from plant materials. The use of bioethanol is expected to reduce CO2 emissions by up to 70%. The company wants to put it into practice at Vale’s mining sites. In 2023, it signed an agreement with General Motors of the United States to jointly develop hydrogen fuel cell modules. The goal is to install the batteries in large dump trucks with a load capacity of about 290 tons and to start testing them in the second half of the 2020s.
NYK has announced the completion of an ammonia-fueled tugboat, which was produced through research and development in cooperation with IHI and ClassNK. This is the world’s first ammonia-fueled vessel designed for commercial use. It will be used for commercial operations in Tokyo Bay during a three-month demonstration voyage.
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has outlined the framework for a new implementation plan for the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), which is attempting to integrate the regional market. The plan will focus on digitalization and decarbonization of the economy as key objectives to be achieved by 2026-30. It will accelerate the integration of the market of 700 million people.
According to the draft plan, it will be structured around six goals, including creating an environment that encourages technological innovation, attracting investment in the green economy and building a food security system. It will include more than 200 specific implementation plans. The plan will be discussed at the ASEAN summit, which began in Laos on Oct. 9, 2024.
The plan includes creating a renewable energy supply network that spans member countries, making it easier for companies to provide financial services, such as fintech, across multiple countries in the region. In addition to digitizing trade transactions to facilitate trade, discussions are underway to include cooperation in the development of EV supply networks and infrastructure.
New vehicle sales in the six major Southeast Asian countries in the first six months of 2024 fell 9% year-on-year to about 1.49 million units, the lowest level since 2021, when they were battered by COVID-19. Malaysia, which has benefited from strong domestic demand, is closing in on Indonesia, the largest market in the region.
Malaysia grew by 7% to 390,296 units. Sales growth was driven by strong domestic demand linked to economic growth. Sales of domestically produced small cars such as the Proton and Produa were particularly strong. In contrast, sales in Indonesia, the region’s largest market, fell 19% to 408,012 units due to a decline in the use of car loans and other factors caused by high policy interest rates. Thailand was down 24% to 308,027 units; Vietnam was down 2% to 134,884 units and the Philippines was up 10% to 227,225 units.
Yanmar Holdings announced Aug. 26, 2024, that it will acquire Claas India, a combine harvester and manufacturer in India, and will acquire all its shares Sept. 30, 2024. The amount of the acquisition was not disclosed. The company has been importing and selling combines from outside India but will now start local production. The acquisition will strengthen the company’s business in India, where the market is expanding. Following the acquisition, CLAAS India’s combine harvesters will be produced and sold under the Yanmar brand.
Hyundai Motor in August announced plans to expand its lineup of hybrid vehicles from seven to 14 models in response to slowing global demand for electric vehicles. The company will also use HVs for the first time in its Genesis luxury car brand. The company also announced plans to increase its annual global sales volume by 30% from 2023 to 5.55 million units by 2030, and to invest 120.5 trillion won (about 13 trillion yen) in R&D and capital investment over the 10 years out to 2033. The company will focus on advanced technologies such as next-generation HVs, in-vehicle batteries and automated driving technology.
Iseki will produce 90% of its products for overseas markets, mainly Europe and the United States, in Indonesia by 2030. The company will gradually transfer the production of tractors and other products for overseas markets that have been handled domestically and will use the consolidation of production as an opportunity to review product design.
In Japan, the market for agricultural machinery is shrinking, and it is difficult to secure human resources. The company will strengthen the position of its production base in Indonesia to expand its overseas business, particularly in Europe and the United States.
The production capacity of the local plant increased to 22,000 units in 2023, a 20% increase over the previous capacity. At present, the production transfer is about 60% complete.
Indonesia is trying to reduce Chinese investment in new nickel mining and smelting operations in order to qualify for U.S. tax incentives. Under the Biden administration’s Inflation-Reduction Act (IRA), large tax incentives will apply after 2025. However, it does not apply to batteries sourced from “foreign entities of concern,” such as companies in which Chinese capital holds more than 25% of the shares, or to EVs that use nickel or other key minerals. Indonesia’s nickel industry will be hit hard by these conditions. This is because the country has been the world’s largest producer of nickel for the past four years, thanks to a large influx of Chinese capital into its mining and smelting operations.
According to three people familiar with the matter, the Indonesian government and the nickel industry are working on new investment projects in which Chinese companies will have a smaller stake. It is possible that the nickel supplied through these deals will be eligible for tax benefits under the IRA. However, in order for the Indonesian nickel industry to receive tax benefits, it will also need to negotiate a trade agreement with the United States. The Indonesian side is proposing an agreement limited to critical minerals.
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